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实现继承 ​

:::: tabs @tab 原型继承

js
function Parent() {
  this.name = "kevin";
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
  console.log(this.name);
};

function Child() {}

Child.prototype = new Parent();

var child1 = new Child();

console.log(child1.getName());
function Parent() {
  this.name = "kevin";
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
  console.log(this.name);
};

function Child() {}

Child.prototype = new Parent();

var child1 = new Child();

console.log(child1.getName());

缺点

  • 引用类型的属性被所有实例共享
  • 在创建 Child 的实例时，不能向 Parent 传参

@tab 构造函数继承

js
function Parent() {
  this.names = ["kevin", "daisy"];
}

function Child() {
  Parent.call(this);
}

var child1 = new Child();

child1.names.push("yayu");

console.log(child1.names); // ["kevin", "daisy", "yayu"]

var child2 = new Child();

console.log(child2.names); // ["kevin", "daisy"]
function Parent() {
  this.names = ["kevin", "daisy"];
}

function Child() {
  Parent.call(this);
}

var child1 = new Child();

child1.names.push("yayu");

console.log(child1.names); // ["kevin", "daisy", "yayu"]

var child2 = new Child();

console.log(child2.names); // ["kevin", "daisy"]

优点

  • 避免了引用类型的属性被所有实例共享
  • 可以在 Child 中向 Parent 传参

缺点

  • 方法都在构造函数中定义，每次创建实例都会创建一遍方法

@tab 组合继承

js
function Parent(name) {
  this.name = name;
  this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
  console.log(this.name);
};

function Child(name, age) {
  Parent.call(this, name);
  this.age = age;
}

Child.prototype = new Parent();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;

var child1 = new Child("kevin", "18");

child1.colors.push("black");

console.log(child1.name); // kevin
console.log(child1.age); // 18
console.log(child1.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green", "black"]

var child2 = new Child("daisy", "20");

console.log(child2.name); // daisy
console.log(child2.age); // 20
console.log(child2.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green"]
function Parent(name) {
  this.name = name;
  this.colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
  console.log(this.name);
};

function Child(name, age) {
  Parent.call(this, name);
  this.age = age;
}

Child.prototype = new Parent();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;

var child1 = new Child("kevin", "18");

child1.colors.push("black");

console.log(child1.name); // kevin
console.log(child1.age); // 18
console.log(child1.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green", "black"]

var child2 = new Child("daisy", "20");

console.log(child2.name); // daisy
console.log(child2.age); // 20
console.log(child2.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green"]

@tab 寄生式继承

js
function object(o) {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = o;
  return new F();
}

function prototype(child, parent) {
  var prototype = object(parent.prototype);
  prototype.constructor = child;
  child.prototype = prototype;
}

// 当我们使用的时候：
prototype(Child, Parent);
function object(o) {
  function F() {}
  F.prototype = o;
  return new F();
}

function prototype(child, parent) {
  var prototype = object(parent.prototype);
  prototype.constructor = child;
  child.prototype = prototype;
}

// 当我们使用的时候：
prototype(Child, Parent);

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